Domestic Spending
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Assessing FY 2026 Appropriations
Read moreWithout further appropriations, the federal government faces a partial government shutdown on January 30 as the continuing resolution (CR) funding... -
What You Need for the End of the Fiscal Year
Read moreUpdated 11/17/25: After 43 days, the latest government shutdown ended on November 12 with a funding measure that provides full-year Agriculture... -
CRFB Floats “Break Glass Plan" for Next Economic Shock
Read moreWith our national debt currently at 100 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), America has never entered any kind of economic emergency as indebted... -
Appropriations 101
Read moreNote: This paper has been updated here. What are appropriations? How does Congress determine the total level of appropriations? How does Congress... -
Government Shutdowns Q&A: Everything You Should Know
Read moreFiscal Year (FY) 2025 will end on September 30, and Congress has so far enacted zero of the 12 full-year appropriations bills to fund the government... -
A Second Reconciliation Bill Should Reduce Deficits
Read moreAs Congress considers the possibility of a second reconciliation bill, lawmakers should ensure it reduces deficits rather than adds to them as the... -
Appropriations Watch: FY 2025
Read moreNote: For the latest fiscal year, click here . Updated 7/31/25: On July 24, President Trump signed a recissions package which rescinds $9 billion in... -
What's In the One Big Beautiful Bill Act?
Read moreNote: This blog was updated on 8/4/25 to reflect CBO's newly-released estimates of the permanent cost of certain expiring tax provisions in OBBBA. The... -
Comparing the Senate and House OBBBAs
Read moreThe Senate has passed its version of the Fiscal Year (FY) 2025 reconciliation bill – the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA). The table below is a... -
Senate Reconciliation Bill Could Add Over $4 Trillion to Debt
Read moreAs it currently stands, the Senate reconciliation bill is likely to add $3.5 to $4.2 trillion to the debt through Fiscal Year (FY) 2034, based on our... -
Breaking Down the One Big Beautiful Bill
Read moreNote: (06/23/2025) Some categorizations and numbers in the Ways and Means' section of the table below have been updated to more accurately reflect the... -
Changes Move Reconciliation Bill in the Wrong Fiscal Direction
Read moreThe House of Representatives may vote on the reconciliation package, or the “One, Big, Beautiful Bill Act” (OBBBA), this week. House leadership...